Combustion-engine



J. GOOD.

coMBUsTloN ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED DEC24, ISI?.

l @32,33% Patented Mar. 2, 1920.

`, 2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

IIIIIIIIL J. GOOD.

COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED DEc.24, 1917.

1.332,332. Patented Mar. 2, 1920.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

I'. /I/VE Tof? JOHN GOOD, OF BROOKLYN, NEW 'Yi COMBUSTION-ENGINE.

n eaasaa Specification of Letters Patent.

p iiatented Mar., 2, 192m `Application led December 24, 1917. Serial No. 208,568.

'scribed Improvements in Combustion-Fnines.

g The invention is an improvement in the temperature control of internal combustion engines and its objects are to enable the engine on starting to attain quickly a working temperature, and other objects and advantages hereinafter made apparent to those skilled in the art. The said results are obtained by the control of the circulating medium in the engine water jacket which medium may be water or any other suitable iuid.

The accompanying drawing shows a preferred exemplitication as-supplied to a fourcylinder automobile engine.

Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the water jacket and controlling valve, other parts being in elevation or outline;

Fig. 2 is a cross section through the main valve, showing the thermostat;

Fig. 3 is a plan of the valves showing the leak notch;

Fig. f1 is a front view of the Fig. 5 is a detail, and

Figs. 6 and 7 are a modified form.

For simplicity of description, the engine of the drawing is shown without valves Or other necessary engine elements which may be applied in various ways. It is also shown with a single water jacket wall 1 compassing the heads or combustion ends of all four cylinders, and indicated more or less diagrammatically for convenience. The jacket suitable for the purposes of this invention may be made in any of the usual ways. lts interior space is connected at the top, by pipe or hose connection 2, to the top of the radiator 3 and the bottom of the latter is connected by pipe 4 to the radiator 5 intake of the pump 5 driven as usual by the engine by means of gearing not shown in the drawing. The pump draws the water from the radiator and discharges it through a pipe 6 .containing a non-return or check valve 7 intothe lower part of the jacket space. The radiator may be of common (1esign and placed in the air current of the moving vehicle or of the tan usually employed in motor vehicles, or both, ascustomary in circulatory cooling systems. lt

is provided with a filler cap 8 containing an overflow 9 (dotted lines Fig. 1) and located midway ofthe height of the radiator or otherwise arranged to prevent lling to a level above the bottom of or lower part of the jacket space. The lower part of the radiator, or the part below such level,

is formed as, or is in connection with, a receptacle 10 constituting a reservoir .sutlicently commod'io-us to contain all the water or cooling medium used in the system exn lili cepting that part which remains in the piping fand the pump. The flow from the radiator to the jacket passes through and is controlled by a thermostatically-operated valve which is desirably a balanced valve, composed of two valve heads 11 and 12 on a common stem 13 with their proximate faces exposed to the water incoming from the radiator. The opposite or outside faces of the pair are .exposed to the suction pressure of the pump so that the pull of the latter exerts no tendency to move the valve. Each valve head'is :formed with a leak Anotch 14: in its edge so that some water may al-v ways flow from the radiator to the pump. The thermostat 15, of any appropriate type,

is connected to the stem 13 and located within the circulation or in any place where it will experience the engine temperature or vary in its own temperature according thereto. Expansion of the thermostat on a predetermined temperature rise opens the valve 11, 12 'and allows the water to flow :freely from the radiator to the jacket and such flow takes place continuously'in the' normal operation of the engine and so long as the temperature is maintained, the water in thev jacket passing over into the radiator and beingcooled thereby in its passage back to the pump as usual in engine circulating systems. A part of the water circulation lis by-passed from the top of the jacket or the pipe 2, 'around theV radiatorfto the space which contains the thermostat and thereby the temperature cof the latter is caused' to tot y reservoir, by the check valve 7 above referred to, but a restricted flow to the radiator is however, permitted to take place through a special leak or drain passage provided in the present instance by a small pipe or tube 18 which is connected between the lower part of the jacket space and the pipe 4;, around the pump and the dimension of this passage is such as to let the water flow slowly from the jacket so that by the time it has cooled to such a temperature as to be of no assistance in enabling the engine to resume operation, the water will then be all contained in the reservoir part of the radiator or the piping, and the jacket space will be empty or nearly so. 1t is a feature of the invention,- that this drainage path to the reservoir is automatically controlled so that the flow does not begin immediately on the stoppage of the engine and pump, but only when the water temperature has fallen to some predeterminedl extent or after a definite time period has elapsed. For this purpose the end of stem 13 of the thermostat, z'. c. valve, is formed as a small valve 19 adapted to restrict or close the drain path when the thermostat is hot, or above a predetermined working temperature of the engine, and to open it as the thermostat begins to fall below that temperature thus starting the drainage in accordance with the temperature. Thus after a period of engine stoppage long enough to allow the jacket water to become fairly cold all of the jacket water will have left the jacket and the valve 11, 12 will be in its closed position. When the engine is thereafter set in operation the pump will draw a minimum flow of water from the radiator through the leak notches 14 in the valve heads 11, 12 and the filling of the empty jacket space will therefore proceed very slowly being controlled by the size of the notches which may be made adjustable if desired. rlhe initial period of operation of the engine will therefore take place without the cooling effect of a mass of cold. water surrounding the cylinders and, in consequence, will result in the almost immediate production of a good Working temperature for the engine. Moreover, absence of such cooling effect gives immediately an engine exhaust of nearly normal temperature which, if used to preheat the entering engine charge, will possess full etliciency for that purpose. While the engine is thus attaining an adequate working temperature the pump is gradually filling the jacket space, all the water being taken from the radiator through the leak notches, and the rising water therein is gradually becoming warmed by contact with the cylinder walls, but not so rapidly as to interfere with the internal combustion process. Circulation of water through the jacket, obviously, does not begin until the jacket is lled and even then rceaaea it may only be a limited circulation through the small by-pass 16S- because the thermostat does not fully open the flow passage until it attains the normal running temperature. 'llhe screw 20 serves to regulate the action of the thermostat in this respect. It will be appreciated that the normal circulation in any engine is merely a means of dissipating the excess engine heat and it will be understood that this invention consists essentially in postponing the said dissipating action until a heat excess has been developed, which condition does not occur until after the metallic parts of the engine have become hot and vaporization and combustion are normal. At such time the excess engine heat is utilized to heat the circulating medium and thereafter such heat is transferred through such medium to the air flowing through the radiator. It is of course obvious that the resumption of the engine before the Water has drained out of the jacket, is likewise easily accomplished because, while the water remains in the jacket it is still hot and keeps the cylinders hot. The' retention 'of the water While hot and its discharge when less hot is mostl simply accomplished by the slow drain method, and the retarded or delayed circulation of the cooling medium isy most conveniently done auton'iatically by thermostatic action. rThe screw 20 of the thermostat is accessible from the exterior of the jacket for adjustment and is very easily set to suit conditions but retarded circulation can also be accomplished automatically in other ways, as for example by the action of the engine itself after it has made a predetermined number of revolutions and it can be manifestly done by hand. It may be observed further that the principle of delayed circulation to and through an empty jacket is a most effective means of quick and certain starting of internal combustion engines on low grade gasolene or any fuel which can be ignited cold in the combustion space and that besides being of the utmost convenience to the operator in starting his engine, its use is conducive to a very material fuel economy. It is also to be noted that the drain passage around the check valve can be mechanically organized in the engine in a great variety of ways.

Fig. 5 illustrates a modified form of connection between the drain tube18 and the jacket space so arranged that the How from the pump closes the entrance to said tube and thereby prevents iow through the said tube so long as the pump is in action'. For this purpose the sliding valve 30 is mounted inthe pipe connection 6EL between pipe 6 and the jacket 1 and provided with a restriction Iao cut out of action when the engine is running, a' condition that may be desirable in some cases.

Inasmuch as the radiator 3 is never filled to the top with water it is provided with a distributing trough 21 inclined downwardly at each side from the central entrance from pipe 2 and having a perforated bottom so that the water will be directed thereby into all the air-cooled tubes or cells and thereby become effectively cooled.

Figs. 6 and 7 show the same system of retarded circulation -and draining acket space, having the same reference numerals. They illustrate the location of the thermostat 22 directly in the water jacket space Where it will respond more promptly to variations of engine temperature. Vhen so located the by-pass circulation tube 16 is rendered unnecessary but obviously various other locations of the thermostat are possible. These figures also illustrate the use of a radiator which is at all times filled with water up to near its top and therefore needs no distributer. For this purpose the outlet from the bottom of the radiator opens into a riser passage 24 which is open to atmosphere at its eXtreme upper end and connected, just below the pipe 2 with a pipe 25 leading downto the reservoir 26 and the pump draws its supply directly from the bottom of this reservoir. The passages 24 and 25 constitute a trap in the system as will be evident, insuring always a full radiator. The reservoir however is partly empty and only filled when the jacket water has drained back into it. With this arrangement thecirculating system may be supplied with water through a filling nozzle at the top as usual. By providing an overflow point in the reservoir as by means of the pipe 27 the radiator can be filled full from the nozzle without filling the jacket space, as will be evident.

Claims. Y

l. An internal combustion engine -having a circulatory cooling system including a jacket, a slow draining outlet from the jacket adapted to evacuate the same during the cooling-down period of the engine when stopped, and means for retarding the filling of said jacke-t on the resumption of circulation.

2. An internal combustion engine having a circulatory cooling system including a jacket, and a slow-draining outlet from the jacket thermostatically opened to empty the jacket on the cooling of the engine.

3. An internal combustion engine having av circulatory cooling system including an engine-driven pump delivering to the engine-cooling jacket through a check valve and a drain path associated with said valve and thermostatically opened to drain the jacket ofl the cooling medium when theengine is stopped.

4. An internal combustion engine having a cylinder cooling jacket organized to be empty when the engine is started after a period of rest, and provided, with means for delivering a restricted admission of the cooling medium into the jacket while the engine 1s warming up.

5. An internal combustionv engine having a pump-operated circulating system and cylinder cooling jacket included therein and arranged to be evacuated of its cooling medium on the stopping of the engine, in com bination with automaticvmeans for retarding the resumption of the circulation until the engine has warmed'up.

6. An internal combustion engine having a cylinder cooling jacket included with an engine-driven pump in a circulatory system,

a thermostatically-operated valve intercepting the flow to the jacket when the engine is cool, and a thermostatically operated valve controlling a drain passage from the jacket.

7. An internal combustion engine having a cylindei` cooling jacket, a pump and a radiator included in a circulatory system, a valve restricting the flow from the radiator to the jacket and adapted to enlarge the same on the attainment of a predetermined temperature, and means for evacuating the jacket space automatically on thestopping of the engine.

8. An internal combustion engine having a partly filled circulatory cooling system including a pump, a cylinder jacket and a reservoir, a retarding valve intercepting the flow from reservoir to jacket and a drain,

passage by-passing said valve adapted to evacuate the jacket.

9. An internal combustion engine lhaving a partly filled circulatory cooling system including a pump, a cylinder jacket and a reservoir, a retarding valve and a checkvalve intercepting the fiow between reservoir and jacket and a restricted by-pass drain passage from the jacket to the reservoir.-

10. In an internal combustion engine, a circulatory cooling system partly filled with cooling medium and including a cylinder jacket and a radiator, a drain passage from the cylinder jacket to the lower part of the system adapted to evacuate the jacket space when the engine stops, and automatic means for effecting retarded return of the medium to the jacket space as the engine resumes operation. 1

In testimony whereof, I have signed this specification.

' JOHN GOOD. 

